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As the city of Karachi teeters on the brink of chaos, a look back at the 1990 crisis reveals a complex web of politics, violence, and power struggles that continue to shape the city's fate. The year 1990 marked a new era of turmoil in Karachi, a city that has long been plagued by ethnic and sectarian tensions. The crisis was sparked by a deepening rift between the ruling Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), a party that had risen to prominence in the 1980s and had played a key role in the PPP's ascension to power.

Background & Context

The PPP, led by the charismatic Benazir Bhutto, had come to power in 1988 after a long period of military rule. The MQM, founded by Altaf Hussain, had emerged as a powerful force in Karachi's politics, with a strong presence in the city's urban centers. Initially, the two parties had formed an alliance, with the MQM supporting the PPP in the 1988 elections. However, as the years went by, tensions began to rise between the two parties, with the MQM growing increasingly dissatisfied with the PPP's handling of the city's affairs.

The MQM's grievances were largely centered around the PPP's perceived favoritism towards the city's Pashtun community, which had long been a dominant force in Karachi's politics. The MQM, which represented the city's Urdu-speaking community, felt marginalized and excluded from power. This sense of disenfranchisement eventually boiled over into violence, with the MQM launching a series of attacks on PPP strongholds across the city.

Key Details

The crisis reached its peak in 1990, with the MQM launching a series of attacks on PPP targets across the city. The violence was characterized by its ferocity, with reports of gunfire, arson, and even massacres. The PPP, led by Benazir Bhutto, responded with force, deploying troops to the city and imposing a curfew. However, the violence only seemed to intensify, with both sides trading blows and neither able to gain the upper hand.

As the crisis deepened, the MQM's Altaf Hussain went into hiding, leaving behind a power vacuum that was filled by various factions vying for control. One of these factions was led by Afaq Ahmed, a former MQM leader who had broken away from the party and was now leading a rival group. Ahmed's faction was known for its brutality, and was accused of carrying out numerous attacks on MQM targets.

What Experts Say

According to Dr. Farooq Tariq, a Karachi-based analyst, the 1990 crisis was a turning point in the city's history, marking a shift towards a more violent and polarized politics. "The crisis was a result of the deepening divide between the PPP and the MQM, and the failure of the government to address the underlying issues driving this divide," he said. "It was a wake-up call for the city, and marked the beginning of a new era of violence and instability."

Key Takeaways

• The 1990 crisis marked a turning point in Karachi's history, marking a shift towards a more violent and polarized politics.
• The crisis was sparked by a deepening rift between the PPP and the MQM, with the MQM feeling marginalized and excluded from power.
• The violence was characterized by its ferocity, with reports of gunfire, arson, and even massacres.
• The crisis led to the rise of various factions vying for control, including Afaq Ahmed's faction, which was known for its brutality.

What This Means For You

The 1990 crisis in Karachi is a stark reminder of the city's complex and often violent politics. As the city continues to grapple with issues of identity, power, and violence, it is essential that we learn from the lessons of the past. By understanding the underlying issues driving the crisis, we can work towards a more peaceful and stable future for the city.

As the city of Karachi continues to evolve and grow, it is essential that we prioritize dialogue, understanding, and cooperation. By working together, we can build a brighter future for the city, one that is free from the violence and instability that has plagued it for so long.